Acne is a skin infection that causes spots and in severe cases can cause scarring. Acne normally starts at the onset of puberty which is why acne is normally associated with teenagers, although for some people it may be lifelong. 80% of the population may be affected at some time of their life. Acne spots normally occur on the face, neck,chest, back and upper arm.

It is generally thought that acne is caused by skin over-reacting to hormones, probably the male hormone testosterone. More men suffer from acne than women because of their higher levels of testosterone. Skin is covered with tiny hair follicles each with a gland that produces an oily substance called sebum. In some people the gland becomes over-active producing more oil which mixes with dead skin cells and blocks the follicle. An infection then builds up behind the blockage causing acne. Acne spots develop in several ways. Blackheads and whiteheads form when the follicle is blocked. These can become infected as the oil builds up and the infection then causes the characteristic acne spots to appear.

Acne treatment can either topical, applied to the acne, or oral. Mild acne such as blackheads and whiteheads can be treated with over the counter treatments such as topical creams, lotions, gels or soaps. These treatments normally contain antibacterial agents such as benzoyl peroxide, or retinoids which loosen the dead skin cells that are blocking the hair follicles. Benzoyl peroxide dries the skin and may cause some irritation and redness. Normally this settles down but if it persists you should consult your doctor. Always apply topical medicine carefully, damaging the skin risks spreading the infection.

If the acne is caught early enough by treating blackheads and whiteheads, infection may be prevented. Over the counter treatments take time to work and should continue for six months. If the acne does not improve after several months you may need a prescription medicine.

Prescription medicines for moderate acne may be either topical or oral treatments. Initially, if the acne is not too severe, your doctor may recommend a topical treatment. If this does not work he may prescribe a low dose oral treatment or a combination of topical and oral treatments. Some women find that taking the contraceptive pill helps to clear their acne.

If you are suffering from severe acne your doctor may refer you to a dermatologist and you could be prescribed isotretinoin which is a highly effective oral treatment. It works by reducing the amount of oil produced. However, isotretinoin should never be taken except under strict supervision as it can have side effects . Pregnant women should never take it and women are advised to practise two forms of birth control if they have been prescribed isotretinoin. This protection should be taken for one month before and after using isotretinoin.

Acne can cause scarring and can be treated in a number of ways. These can include laser resurfacing, dermabrasion, collagen injections, and chemical peels. The effectiveness of these acne treatments depends on the individual patient and the extent of the acne scarring.

As a parent of a teenage you should be particularly sensitive to the psychological effects of acne and watching for warning signs. Many acne sufferers start to withdraw from normal social activity. A teenager is particularly sensitive about their appearance. They may believe they are unattractive, particularly if they have been teased about the acne. They cease to interact with their friends and if you notice that they are dropping activities they have previously enjoyed, for example sport or clubs, preferring instead to spend time in front of a computer or in their rooms, it is probable they are embarrassed. Shutting themselves off from society can lead to depression and other problems such as eating disorders. Makeup to camouflage the acne can help and using medicated concealer is best

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Emotional support is essential. Explaining the causes of acne will help the sufferer to understand the problem has nothing to do with poor hygiene. Although diet is not the primary cause of acne, encouraging a good diet will help lessen the risk of developing an eating disorder.

Curing acne takes time and anyone, regardless of their age, suffering from what they see as a disfigurement, needs support. If necessary their doctor may suggest counselling.

This article is for information only and no liability is accepted for action taken. Health problems ahould always be discussed with your physician.