We have all heard about rabies affecting dogs and cats when we first adopted a pet. We even hear of cases happening around our city or town on occasion. The state often has laws that you must follow, especially with dogs regarding rabies shots to make sure there are no outbreaks, but what is rabies? Why can it be such a traumatic experience for both you and your dog?

Rabies is a virus. The dog or human can actually contract the virus, which is why many states have made the vaccinations a law. A carrier of the disease can spread it through biting. This means if your dog comes into contact with a rabid animal and is bitten the virus will be transmitted. You will find that rabies does not live long outside of the host and therefore the transmission via air is usually impossible unless you are in some enclosed space like a cave with bats. Most often the rabies is shed by the saliva and that is why when bitten it transfers to the new animal. For dogs the disease can be deadly and there are really no ways of testing for rabies in animals without harming the dog. For humans there is treatment.

One of the reasons I keep mentioning humans along with dogs is that most dogs have owners and when they become infected it will affect your care just as much as the dogs. It is important to understand that you and your dog can be harmed if you don't take the proper care. When you are out walking with your dog you should take care that they don't run off in the woods, or that they don't engage another animal in a fight or play that could be a carrier. It is best to always pay close attention to your dog and make sure you stay in the safe zones. Even if you are in the woods there are precautions you can take. You will also find that the vaccinations of rabies required for your dog will help them be immune to the disease in the unlikely event they do come into contact with a carrier. There are about 15% of exposed individuals that will contract the disease. For dogs there has been only about 100,000 cases a year that contract rabies in the entire world.

There are symptoms to look for if you believe your dog has come into contact with a rabies carrying animal. First the incubation can last for 3 to 8 weeks. Then they will experience the first stage, which last 2-3 days. There is a difference in character from apprehension nervousness, anxiety, and fever. They then move to the second stage that last 1 to 7. They become restless and irritable. The third stay is marked by an inability to swallow, face muscle weakness, and labored breathing. They then go into respiratory failure and can die.

To test for rabies a brain exam is needed. In some new testing the skin or blood can be studies, but this is not as effective as doing a microscopic exam of the brain. Unfortunately there is no treatment once the disease develops and most often death will occur. There have been rare cases that a dog has survived. This means that it is very important for the vaccination and prevention of the disease. If you do not take care you are at risk in life as well once infected. Make sure that you speak with your vet about the proper vaccinations and if there are requirements for more than one vaccination in the life of the dog. Usually there are stages in the growth period where the rabies vaccination should be given.