Although the list is short, it may sound complicated! Let's demystify each of these elements so that you know how to get started building your website.
First of all, a domain name is the www dot whatever dot com (.com) address. You have to register your chosen domain with a company that specializes in domain name registration. This type of company is called a registrar.
You can pick your own domain name, but it must be available. You can go to the website of most reputable registrars and type in your desired URL and the site will tell you whether it's available or not. Once you find one that is available, you simply go through check out. A domain name will only cost you a few dollars or so per year, depending what company you go through.
Next, you'll need hosting. This means a place for your website's pages and data to be stored. A hosting company (or web host) allows you to upload (send) your files to their server and store them there.
A web host charges (usually) a monthly rate to store your files and allow them to travel from their server to the computers of those visiting your site. Those two things are called Storage and Bandwidth. You'll need to compare how much storage and bandwidth are allowed per what amount of money monthly, in order to decide what company to choose (assuming price is your primary concern). Also consider customer service, company reputation, and things of that nature, when choosing your web hosting company.
Finally, the website itself is something you (or a designer/coder that you hire) create. This includes the actual coding (the information that tells the browser how to display the page) and the content. Content includes the text, pictures, and videos (and so on), that will be appearing on your site. All of this content (files) will need to be uploaded to the web hosting server in order for your web hosting company to display your site when people visit it.
If you have questions about how to do any of this, try contacting a web hosting company or web designer, and they can help clarify it further for you!
