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When the question of what Performance Management is and what it entails is asked
in any organisation, there are as many answers and perceptions as there are people
in the organisation. The Human Resources Department will tell you that Performance
Management entails the training, mentoring and development of employees; the
Finance Department will tell that Performance Management is the measurement of
a series of financial and non financial indicators; the IT Department will tell
you that Performance Management is the “system" used to manage performance
in an organisation. Though none of these perceptions are incorrect, they are
only part of the truth.
To complicate matters even further, numerous management methodologies have been
introduced over the years, which all claim to be the silver bullet when
managing performance. Concepts such as the Balanced Scorecard, Value Based Management,
Total Quality Management and Six Sigma are commonplace in most managers’ vocabulary.
Perhaps the starkest reality when attempting to sift through the information
overload is not the lack of information and methodologies available to design
and implement a performance management system, but the realisation that there
is no silver bullet that can create a successful performance management system.
Managers cannot delegate what is effectively their job to a “system". To ensure
the success of a performance management system, managers have to devote a significant
amount of their time to the process. Often the success or failure of a performance
management system has less to do with the chosen metrics and templates used for
managing the system, and more to do with the honesty and rigor used in the process.
All too often, performance management systems fail because they are either measurement
systems, where little is done to interpret the results and take corrective action,
or the system is simply delegated to the bottom drawer because it is cumbersome
and managers have not bought into the process.
A well-designed and implemented performance management system will ensure that
there is open and honest communication between all layers of the organisation.
It will ensure that managers have the authority to manage, while there is an
assurance to their bosses that agreed levels of performance will be met. A good
performance management system should focus not only on the achievement of a metric
but also on the reasons behind the achievement or non-achievement of the metric
in relation to a target. Unfortunately there is no magic formula for designing an
effective performance management system, but there are a number of factors which
differentiate between success and failure. Performance Management implementation
either succeeds or fails, based on whether the management buys into the process.
If a robust change
management process does not run alongside the process of implementing
performance management, it is bound to fail. Complete management buy-in at all
levels is crucial to ensuring the success of the system. The change management
process and associated training will ensure that a culture of value creation is
instilled throughout the business. It is important for all employees to understand
the concept of value creation as well as understanding how their decisions and
actions influence value creation. This understanding can be achieved by top management
members who consistently reinforce the importance of the value creation mindset
in all their communication to the rest of the organisation. Ultimately the senior
management must lead by example and walk the talk. Senior managers, who cut the
budgets for employee development and training to meet short-term profit objectives,
are unlikely to inspire a culture of long-term value creation among the members
of their middle management team.
Performance Management relies on measuring performance and on taking corrective
action when the targets set for the performance metrics are not met. What is
measured will ultimately impact on people’s behaviour, therefore it is important to
ensure that due consideration is given to identifying the value drivers that define
the short-term performance and long-term health of the business. It is important
for managers to have a clear understanding about what the business’s value
drivers are, as this will ensure that managers can understand and analyse the trade-offs
required to balance short-term performance against long-term health. For example,
reducing Research and Development costs may bolster short-term performance but could
have disastrous consequences for the business in the long term. When identifying
the priority value drivers, it is important to take the following into account:
do the external environment and asset constraints prevent them from having a meaningful
impact?
levels to the detriment of customer service?
Once these factors have been considered, the important value drivers can be ranked
in order of priority, appropriate value metrics can be assigned to the drivers
and they can be cascaded throughout the organisation. SMART target setting should
ensure that the targets that are set are realistic but are also challenging.
In short, targets should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-based.
Targets must be based on the opportunities identified for improvement and any
economic considerations. When setting targets, the following input should be borne
in mind, namely the performance of similar companies in the same industry, the internal
performance of business units, historical performance and blue-sky scenarios. Performance
targets should include a base which should be regarded as the minimum level of acceptable
performance, and a stretch target which should result in considerable rewards
if it is met.
Quarterly performance reviews should focus on the facts, using a scorecard as
the basis for the discussion. Reviews should focus on the reasons for poor performance
so that they do not recur, rather than on apportioning blame. Opportunities for
employee development should be identified and implemented during the review
process. The final consideration when designing and implementing an effective
performance management system is to ensure that the top performers are adequately
rewarded and recognised. Well-designed incentive schemes should differentiate between
top performers and the rest of the organisation. Short-term rewards should be linked
to the achievement of annual financial and non-financial measures, whereas long-term
incentives should focus on rewarding long-term value creation and the long-term
health of the business. The organisation’s top performers should also have
abundant opportunities for non-financial rewards such as career advancement and
development opportunities.
Though performance management is an important tool for creating value in an organisation,
its design and execution are complex and the best intentions are often shelved
or sidelined. However, companies that are willing to invest in establishing a
culture of value creation linked to effective targets, reviews and rewards, should
definitely reap the rewards that a performance management system offers. It must
however be reinforced that no matter how hard you look, there is no performance
management silver
bullet to be found.
Leslie Yuill
Director
Cle Human Capital SA (www.clehc.co.za)
Leslie
Yuill is a Director of Clé Human Capital (Pty) Ltd, a firm of market-leading
Reward, Compensation and Performance Management Consultants.
Human Capital is a vital part to any business.
Ensuring you have the right human resources, remuneration and reward strategies,
performance management, or even payroll outsourcing can make a difference.
Clé Human Capital helps companies to compete effectively for shrinking pools
of talent by linking performance and reward strategies to our your overall organisational
objectives. By working closely with your business, Clé Human Capital ensures
the development of pragmatic and flexible solutions, tailored to satisfy your
specific requirements.
Recognised for innovative ideas, collaborative approaches and results-oriented
implementations, Clé Human Capital’s remuneration and compensation
consultants serve companies across diverse industries with excellent results.
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