It is surprising how often a coaching conversation can uncover a much deeper issue. Issues which sometimes even the sufferer is unaware of until examined in the light of coaching questions. Managers are unlikely to be qualified to tackle abnormal psychology but an awareness of these sorts of issues can at least mean that the signs can be spotted and appropriate help arranged. Consider for example, eating disorders.

The term eating disorder can apply to a variety of conditions but here we'll consider two of the better known: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

Anorexia Nervosa:

This condition is associated with a 'wrong' perception of body weight or shape. The sufferer will often perceive themselves as overweight and be fearful of putting on weight. Usually however, they would be deemed seriously underweight. Anorexia Nervosa is a very serious condition which can prove fatal.

Bulimia Nervosa:

The bulimia sufferer unlike the anorexic is normally within a normal body range but again will tend to have a distorted perception of body or size. The condition has had wide coverage in the media and is recognised by the pattern of binge eating followed by 'remedies' such as self-induced vomiting or taking laxatives.

A number of possible explanations for these disorders have been advanced:

Sociocultural Factors:

It is perhaps no surprise that these conditions are most prevalent in developed western societies that have an abundance of food and yet attach huge value to the notion of being slim. One study (Davies & Furnham, 1986) found that a research sample included significantly more people who wanted to lose weight than actually saw themselves as overweight. This suggests cultural pressure to achieve a certain body.

Psychological Factors:

Eating disorders tend to occur in young women. This may correlate with declining self-esteem amongst this same group at this time in their lives. There are, of course, different perspectives within the psychology field:

Behaviourist - suggesting that slimming becomes a habit

Psychoanalytical - suggesting that anorexia may be an attempt to suppress sexual impulses

Humanistic - suggesting the conditions are connected to family relationships

Family Factors:

Eating disorders could be connected to family factors such as an obsession with eating and weight or a history of obesity.

Biological Factors:

Recent research focusing on the hypothalamus has suggested a biochemical explanation for these eating disorders. However it is difficult to differentiate between cause and effect.

Irrespective of the cause signs of either Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa must be taken very seriously as the effect on the sufferer and their family can be devastating. Consider for example, the famous case of the Carter family who ended up launching an historic legal battle to compel their anorexic daughter Vicki to eat.

What would be the best advice for the coaching manager who uncovers these signs when coaching around day to day issues such as prioritisation or goal setting? My recommendation would be to focus on the main principles of coaching. Ask questions designed to raise awareness, generate responsibility and build trust then listen carefully and attentively to the responses. This is highly unlikely to make things worse and may actually do quite a lot of good.

After that, it's a question of referring the coachee to the relevant professional. With this in mind, my recommendation is that coaching managers familiarise themselves with their organization's welfare procedure.