A solar array is comprised of a set of photovoltaic units, linked together, made out of interconnected solar cells. The solar cells convert the sun's energy into direct-current (DC) electricity. Since one module is not sufficient for the requirements of a residence or business, the modules are linked together, to form an array.

It is common for solar arrays to have an inverter which converts the DC power into AC. It can thus be used in existing infrastructure, and can be utilized to power motors, lights, and other electrical loads. The modules in a solar array are usually laid out in a series, in order to produce the desired wattage. These modules are usually measured in terms of the watts they produce during their peak electrical output.

You can typically find solar arrays used on rooftops, as sources of supplementary power. Some electrical utility companies have a net metering agreement, wherein resident is paid for any surplus energy he produces and passes back into the power grid.

In rural settings, solar arrays are usually mounted on the ground. They can be used to power up DC pumps, without the need for an inverter. In areas where no power grid is available, solar array is the main source of power.

The International Space Station utilizes multiple solar arrays to run its equipment. Space satellites use them as well in operate for longer in space. This has made space exploration more viable in recent years. Solar arrays can be used whenever spacecrafts are within the inner part of the solar system. To maximize their potential, the panels are equipped with special lenses, which concentrate sunlight. Solar arrays on these types of vehicles are the most expensive to make. At present, rocket scientists are researching how solar power can be used for propulsion.

The cost of producing a solar array has greatly reduced in modern times. This is because of the fact of recent technological breakthroughs which have occurred, in the creation of photovoltaic cells. In the past, single crystal silicon solar cells were used. But in modern times, multi-crystalline solar cells have been developed, and are produced at lower costs. The disadvantage of this is that there is a reduced effectiveness of energy conversion in such cells.

These days it's common to see solar arrays, coupled with storage batteries, used in devices that requires low power - such as signal buoys. There are yachts and land vehicles that uses them as well to charge their batteries.

Solar arrays are used to run automobiles, in races such as the World Solar Challenge, which takes place in Australia.