Those who have gardens already formed and planted, have, of course, not the situation to choose. But, I am to suppose, that new gardens will, in a country like this, be continually to be formed; and, therefore, it is an essential part of my duty to point out what situations are best, as well with respect to the aspect as to the other circumstances.

The ground should be as nearly on a level as possible; because, if the slope be considerable, the heavy rains do great injury, by washing away the soil.

However, it is not always in our power to choose a level spot; but, if there be a slope in the ground, it ought, if possible, to be towards the South. For, though such a direction adds to the heat in summer, this is more than counterbalanced by the earliness which it causes in the spring.

By all means avoid an inclination towards the North, or West, and towards any of the points between North and West. After all, it may not be in our power to have a level spot, nor even a spot nearly level; and then we must do our best with what we have.

I am speaking here solely of a Kitchen garden. Of ornamental Gardening I shall speak a little in the Article on Flowers. From a Kitchen garden all large trees ought to be kept at a distance of thirty or forty yards.

For, the shade of them is injurious, and their roots a great deal more injurious, to every plant growing within the influence of those roots. It is a common but very erroneous notion, in England, that the trees, which grow in the hedges that divide the fields, do injury by their shade only.

I had a field of transplanted Rutabaga, in the hedge on the North West side of which there were five large spreading oak trees, at some distance from each other. Opposite each of these trees, which could not shade the Rutabaga much, there was a piece of the Rutabaga, in nearly a semi circular form, in which the plants never grew to any size, though those in all the rest of the field were so fine as to draw people from a great distance to look at them.

One gentleman, who came out of Sussex, and who had been a farmer all his life time, was struck with the sight of these semi circles; and, looking over the hedge, into a field of wheat, which had a ditch between it and the hedge, and

seeing that the wheat, though shaded by the trees, was very little affected by them, he discovered, that it was the roots and not the branches that produced the mischief.

The ditch, which had been for ages in the same place, had prevented the roots of the trees from going into the field where the wheat was growing. The ground where the Rutabaga was growing had been well ploughed and manured; and the plants had not been in the ground more than three months; yet, such was the power of the roots of the trees, and so quickly did it operate, that it almost wholly destroyed the Rutabaga that stood within its reach.

Grass, which mats the ground all over with its roots, and does not demand much food from any depth, does not suffer much from the roots of trees; but, every other plant does.

A Kitchen garden should, therefore, have no large trees near it. In the spring and fall tall trees do great harm even by their shade, which robs the garden of the early and the parting rays of the sun. It is, therefore, on all accounts, desirable to keep all such trees at a distance.

If it be practicable, without sacrificing too much in other respects, to make a garden near to running water, and especially to water that may be turned into the garden, the advantage ought to be profited of; but as to watering with a watering pot, it is seldom of much use, and it cannot be practiced upon a large scale. It is better to trust to judicious tillage and to the dews and rains.

The moisture which these do not supply cannot be furnished, to any extent, by the watering pot. A man will raise more moisture, with a hoe or spade, in a day, than he can pour on the earth out of a watering pot in a month.