Dry skin (xerosis) is a condition of rough, dry skin with fine scaling of skin and, occasionally, with small cracks in the skin. Dry skin is caused by a lack of moisture. This is most common during the winter months, when heating systems dry the air. Bathing with hot water, spending extended periods of time in the hot sun, and the skin’s natural aging process also remove moisture and oils from the skin. Xerosis is often noted on extensor surfacesespecially in the winter. Conditions that dry the skin out include the low humidity of winter, frequent washing, contact with hot water, the use of soaps and detergents, and older age. Dry skin develops due to a decrease in the natural oils in the outer layer of skin, which makes the skin lose water. The symptoms of dry skin include itching, flaking, and fine lines.

Xerosis of the foot is common in patients with diabetes and can lead to severe complications, such as ulcers, infections, and cracks in the skin (fissures). The treatment for dry skin is to return moisture to the skin. Topical antibiotics applied immediately to any cracks in the skin to help prevent infection. Avoid harsh deodorant soaps (or limit their use to armpits, groin, and feet). Water-based lotions (Lubriderm, Keri lotion, others) are best cosmetically but oil-based creams are more effective in trapping moisture. Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising, and drinking plenty of water contribute to healthy, supple skin. Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising, and drinking plenty of water contribute to healthy, supple skin. Alpha hydroxyacid lotions work very well for treating and preventing dry skin.

Xerosis Treatment and Prevention Tips

1. Avoid using harsh soaps that dry the skin.

2. Avoid vigorous use of a washcloth in cleansing.

3. Apply a moisturizer to the skin. Drink plenty of water.

4. Sun block or a sunscreen of SPF 15 or greater applied daily.

5. Avoid using fabric softeners, especially in the dryer.

5. Keep irritating fabrics away from your skin.

6. Don't wear clothing made of wool or other "scratchy" fabrics.

7. Use a humidifier in your home during the central heating season.

8. Each day when you take your bath or shower, try to use lukewarm water.