Vitreous hemorrhage is the extravasation of blood into one of the several potential spaces formed within and around the vitreous body. There are a number of causes of vitreous hemorrhage. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (growth of abnormal vessels) is the most common cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage. The most common is bleeding from abnormal blood vessels growing on the retina (neovascularization). When portions of the retina receive inadequate blood supply, usually as the result of diabetes or blockage in a blood vessel, these areas produce a chemical which stimulates blood vessel growth. Unfortunately, the blood vessels that grow in response to this chemical are abnormal – they grow from the retina into the vitreous gel and may bleed causing a vitreous hemorrhage.

Other common causes of vitreous hemorrhage are retinal tears, and trauma. Severe vitreous hemorrhage is characterized by complete obscuration of retinal blood vessels and/or the optic nerve. Sometimes treatment is not needed for vitreous hemorrhages. Other times, more intensive treatment may be necessary, such as cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, or surgery to remove the blood. Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous gel and the blood from inside the eye. Avoid drugs such as aspirin and other anticlotting agents when necessary. Long-standing vitreous hemorrhage with duration greater than 2-3 months. Bed rest with the head of the bed elevated 30-45° with occasional bilateral patching to allow the blood to settle inferiorly.

Vitreous Hemorrhage Treatment and Prevention Tips

1. A vitrectomy is also used to remove scar tissue.

2. Laser photocoagulation also treat Vitreous Hemorrhage.

3. Diabetic macular edema, a swelling that involves or threatens the center of the retina.

4. Cryotherapy is also helpful against Vitreous Hemorrhage.

5. Avoid drugs such as aspirin and other anticlotting agents when necessary.