The foreign exchange market is perhaps the biggest currency exchange market in the whole world. With a trillion dollars worth of world currency being exchanged every day, it's one of the most lucrative yet volatile markets you will find anywhere. A currency rate or exchange rate specifies the exact value of one currency in relation to another. And there are many factors that affect the rate of currencies around the world. Political issues, natural disasters and the amount of investments a country receives are all part of the things that affect the rates of currencies all over the world.

There are also many different ways to measure currency rates, which brings about the different types of exchange rates. The current exchange rate is referred to as spot exchange rate. This is based on the amount of that currency as traded daily. Another type of currency rate is the forward exchange rate, which refers to the exchange rate for a specific currency as quoted and traded today, but to be paid on a specific date in the future.

To illustrate currency rate, here is one example: the exchange rate of one United States dollar is a hundred and twenty three Japanese yen.

In the world foreign currency market, you will usually see currencies paired and traded. To give an example, it is interesting to note that one of the most popular currency pairings is the USD/EUR pairing. The first component in this pairing is the USD, or US dollar, which is known as the base currency. The EUR or euro is then called the counter currency or vice versa. Whenever any amount is indicated, that amount then refers to the exchange rate of a euro to a dollar. For example, if the equation says EUR/USD = 1.33866, then it only means than one euro is equivalent to 1.33866 US dollars.

The most paired and traded currencies in the world are the United States dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen, the British pound, the Swiss franc, the Australian dollar, and the Canadian dollar. Only the Japanese yen is given two decimal places as the rates for currency pairs are usually given in four decimal places. Currency rates should be properly given in five digits, and in five decimal places when the rates are below one.