When a person's debt has risen to a level that they can't hope to get under control, they may consider filing for bankruptcy. For a consumer there are two bankruptcy choices: Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. Chapter 7 bankruptcies involve wiping out the debts in part or in their entirety and liquidating assets to do it. Chapter 13 bankruptcies are more of a debt restructuring plan that gives you more time and a plan to pay back a portion of the debt that is owed to creditors.

Bankruptcy damages a person's credit. A bankruptcy judgment stays on credit reports for as long as ten years. During that time, any credit that is applied for will disclose the bankruptcy to the creditor. If filing Chapter 13, you still have to pay back part of your debt and the judgment stays on your credit report for ten years.

Some people have turned bankruptcy into a way to easily get rid of debt without having to pay the money they owe. In some cases, individuals have filed for Chapter 7 multiple times in an effort to rid themselves of incurred debt.

At a bankruptcy hearing, a judge determines which assets need to be taken and which can be exempt from the bankruptcy process. These decisions are based off of laws that are different in every state. Since people know how the system works, some have tried to buy high price items with cash like cars and houses before a bankruptcy. That way, those possessions are not liquidated and the individual ends up paying very little to their creditors.

Laws have been changed in regards to the bankruptcy process and such misuse of the system is no longer possible. Instead of being chosen by the courts, now people who wish to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy must meet stringent requirements. For example, they must earn less than the median income in their state. If a person has enough money on hand to pay for twenty-percent of their debt, they are not eligible for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

More people that file bankruptcy will have to file under Chapter 13. The courts decide what a person could pay from the information provided to them. There is an allowance made for rent/mortgage, food, and other pertinent bills. With the new bankruptcy law, standards set by the IRS determine allowable values for each of these bills. A certain amount is exempted, and the payments are determined from the rest.

Because there are more hoops to jump through, bankruptcy lawyers are charging more for their services. The whole process of bankruptcy will cost the filer more than before, which will make them think twice about the process. Credit counseling sessions are also required as a precursor to filing for bankruptcy. A credit counselor may determine that they can help you and thus eliminate the need for bankruptcy proceedings.

Bankruptcy should always be a last resort. While it will give you a clean slate, it comes at a price.