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What Is The Missing Link

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Anthropologists proved in 1987 that Lucy was just an ape. Yet Lucy is still claimed as a missing link in textbooks around the world.



Lucy is the name given to the much-promoted fossilized skeleton that was discovered during 1974 in Ethiopia by anthropologist Donald Johanson. Lucy has served as the poster child for Darwinism ever since.

It was claimed that Lucy walked upright, just like a human walks upright. Darwinists also claimed that they knew it was a missing link because the knee was "slightly bigger" than a normal ape's knee (proving that it was evolving into a human) and that its femur had to angle to the knee, just as a human femur angles to the knee.

However, what do the actual facts reveal?

Well, according to another one of the world's best-known anthropologists, Richard Leakey, son of Louis Leakey, Lucy's skull was so incomplete that most of it is "imagination made of plaster of Paris." (The Weekend Australian, May 7-8, 1983, Magazine section, page 3.) Leakey stated that no firm conclusion could be drawn as to what species Lucy belonged to.

Scientifically speaking, Lucy is a member of a family of apes known as australopithecines, specifically Australopithecus Afarensis. Pithecus means ape, and as far back as 1987 scientists knew that Lucy was just an ape, and not a missing link between ape and man.

In 1987 Dr. Charles Oxnard, Professor of Anatomy and Human Biology at the University of Western Australia, wrote that although australopithecines were unique,

"Anatomists have concluded these creatures are not a link between ape and man, and did not walk upright in the human manner." (Fossils, Teeth and Sex a New Perspectives on Human Evolution, Charles Oxnard, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 1987, page 227.)

Other skeleton finds of Australopithecus Afarensis have shown that they had curved toes and fingers for gripping tree limbs.

It is well documented that MANY humans have either slightly larger or slightly smaller than average-sized knees, and most tree-dwelling apes have angled femurs.

The facts prove that none of the australopithecines are a transitional link between apes and humans. Lucy and the other australopithecines reveal nothing about supposed human evolution, yet still today, Lucy adorns high school and college textbooks, usually depicted walking upright, just like a human.

While failing to hold any proof for Darwinian change, Lucy does reveal the desperation of the Darwinian faithful, and how easy it is to be fooled by misleading textbook information.
What Is The Missing Link
I looked up the web on email ettiquete and found many sites, yet only one of the 10 sites on the first page of Google, dealt with the real issue around email etiquette. However, I did find that there's even a new word for it now ? Netiquette. One site had 32 rules (of course with links to other pages for a fuller description) for email etiquette and yet they still missed the main point!

What is the REAL issue on email etiquette? Well, before I answer that, read the following statement:

?I did not say she stole the money?

Now read it aloud to yourself (doesn't matter if anyone else is around, they won't know what you're doing).

The key question! What is the meaning of this statement? What did you interpret from this written statement?

Did you think that:

? ?I? did not say she.., or that

? I did ?NOT? say she .., or that

? I did not ?SAY? she ?, or that

? I did not say that ?SHE? stole ?, or that

? I did not say that she ?STOLE? the money, or that

? I did not say she stole the ?MONEY?.

Starting to get the picture? You see, whenever we put words on paper (or in this case in emails) they can be interpreted in many different ways ? and often are! In fact the legal profession (with apologies to anyone of a legal nature reading this) have built an entire industry on the interpretation of the written words. Signed any contracts lately? Notice that they almost never have punctuations and even when they do, they can still be interpreted by two independent people, quite differently.

By now you may have guessed what the golden rule of email etiquette should be:

?If the message has any emotional intent or is likely to have an impact on the receiver's emotions, look for another way other than email to send it.?

Generally, this will mean face to face, or failing that over the phone or by video hook up, video cam etc.

Emails should only be for fact, logic and reason. I have seen so many innocent (on the surface) emails start a war of words between consenting adults that if it wasn't so serious, would almost be laughable. In fact, I have seen a situation where two colleagues who once had a very good relationship, eventually deteriorate to the point of legal action over each other's interpretation of a simple email message.

Emails are unlike any other written word ? they are not books, newspapers or such where a great deal of thought has gone into the written word (and which is often accompanied by a visual image). Nor are they read that way, but keep in mind, that they can be re-read by the receiver many times over!

Often they are written quickly and sometimes without review, yet they have replaced much of the face to face communication and phone communication that once made up so much of our interpersonal relationships. For example, how often do you see people sending emails to one another when they are in the office next door to one another or at the next desk or cubicle, rather than speaking with the person directly?

But emails also lack all of the nonverbal communication that is going on all the time as we talk face to face with one another and which helps us understand each other. Numerous studies have revealed that in face to face communication, in terms of interpreting the message that is being sent by one person to another:

? 55-60% is through the non verbal signals that are being picked up

? 35-40% is through the tone of voice being used

? 7-10% is via the actual words that are spoken

Another recent survey disclosed that up to 37% of a first impression is based upon the speaker's tone of voice. On the telephone, that number rises to 80% or higher.

So, if we have a message that is meant to be motivational, confrontational or in any way intended to impact the behaviour or feeling of the receiver, where does that leave us with emails as our means of communication if we can assume that only 7-10% of our real message is getting through? As one writer put it ?This makes email a unique medium. The lack of nonverbal clues makes it easy to misinterpret something, but we're not careful enough to avoid these misinterpretations because email feels so instant, easy and accessible, just like talking.?

As I said earlier, if you want to truly influence someone's thinking or impact their behaviour, my suggestion is to see the person face to face, or as a fallback by some means of voice/video connection.

Well that maybe ok when we KNOW that we want to impact the other person's feelings. But how do we avoid unintentionally impacting their feelings? (By the way, using any amount of ?smilies? or similar at the bottom of your email, or as is creeping into emails at the moment, at the end of sentences, will have no positive affect ? in fact they may even work against you).

Other than being as courteous as possible and re-reading the message carefully before sending it, the main word to avoid in your message is ?You? ? particularly used in the past tense. When used in the past tense, often ?You? infers blame for something that the receiver has or has not done. Perhaps we do not intend it to be inferred this way, but that's what happens. Moving away from emails for a moment. think about the last time you had a really heated argument with someone. Often what triggers such arguments is one person inferring blame by using ?You? too often. ?You never do that for me?, or ?You always miss my appointments?. Pretty soon the other person joins in with their own ?Yous? and what started out as a genuine and positive conversation, deteriorates into an argument. My bet is that when you really think about your last argument you had, the word that was used more than any other, was ?You? ? and it was used in the past tense!

Those of you who have done any assertiveness training will know that replacing ?You? with ?I? can be very powerful and without offending the other person. As a simple and quick exercise, I'll leave you with the task of rewriting the two ?You? statements I used earlier - ?You never do that for me?, and ?You always miss my appointments? as ?I? statements. This technique takes a little practise, but can improve the effectiveness of your email communications dramatically.

So, I would suggest that we can have as much etiquette around things like ?salutations?, ?cc's? etc, and we can add as many ?smilies? as possible, but unless the real meaning of the email is going to be received in the same way it was intended, then think again before sending it.

I'd like to get some feedback on email etiquette, so please email me via www.nationallearninginstitute.com
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About Author
Both Russ Miller & Bob Selden are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

Russ Miller has sinced written about articles on various topics from Science, Self Improvement and Motivation and Personal Desktop. Russ Miller is author of The GENESIS Report Series. Register at to receive FREE his 50 Facts vs. Darwinism e-mail series.. Russ Miller's top article generates over 1900 views. to your Favourites.

Bob Selden has sinced written about articles on various topics from Management, Customer Service and Education. Like most of us, Bob Selden gets hundreds of emails each week. As MD of The National Learning Institute, he has written this article in the hope that it helps you with your email communications. If you'd like to share your experiences with Bob, please c. Bob Selden's top article generates over 27100 views. to your Favourites.
Avatar The Last Airbender Book 3 Chapter 19
Back to the main issue of my series of articles this is my question to you smart readers Is the Quran quoted from the Bible ?
 
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