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Collapse How Societies Choose To Fail Or Succeed

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Coming on strong after the success of his Pulitzer Prize-winning Guns, Germs, and Steel, Jared Diamond's new book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed is a tome of intriguing insight to the other side of the coin. While Guns, Germs and Steel examined how some societies thrived, due to their respective geographic and environmental endowments, this book examines why ancient societies have collapsed so often in the past, in part for the same reasons. To support this thesis, the book delves into a variety of past civilizations, including the Anasazi of the American Southwest, the Maya and the Viking colonies of Greenland to illustrate that collapse of a society is no respecter of geography. Nor is it a respecter of time. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed also looks at modern-day societies such as Rwanda to explain the catastrophe that recently befell this afflicted nation, as well as it depicts present-day Montana and the fascinating factors rendering this once wealthy state into one of the poorest. Could Montana be a microcosm for the U.S. at large? The book asks how once astute societies that built magnificent monuments testifying of their social and economic prowess, could suddenly vanish or be rendered impotent. Not lost on the reader throughout these case studies is the nagging thought that perhaps this fate might also befall our own wealthy country. In fact, it is the seminal point of this provocative book. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed hopes to stir our collective consciousness to an understanding what lies before us so that we may be saved, as evidenced, from the pitfalls of the past. In essence, we cannot separate the economy from the environment if we hope to avoid devastation.



Perhaps this is best depicted in the book's treatise of the Anasazi. Their vast ruins in what is now northern New Mexico echo a well-ordered, sophisticated society in a fragile desert environment that lasted over 600 years. To put this into perspective, they lasted longer than any European society in the Americas to date. However, over time the Anasazi of the Chaco Canyon complex became ever more specialized in the tasks of the society. This in turn allowed them to make gains in economies of efficiency while making them equally interdependent as a culture. More and more the main complex at Chaco Canyon depended on outlying communities and outposts for their support, not unlike London or Rome today. These cities served as governmental and religious centers to facilitate the management their respective societies. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed describes how, like many of our cities of today, "Chaco Canyon became a black hole into which goods were imported but from which nothing tangible was exported." As the population grew so did the demands on the surrounding environment. Fuel and other essential resources became ever more distant; coupled with soil depletion and erosion in the surrounding farmlands. In essence, they became increasingly close to living on the margin of what the environment could reasonably support. The final straw was a prolonged drought. No longer able to support or feed themselves, the society suddenly collapsed into open revolt and total civil warfare, culminating in cannibalism and ultimately total abandonment of the site. The moral lesson is that while they "adopted solutions that were brilliantly successful and understandable in the 'short term' (they) created fatal problems in the long run." The analogy to our present day situation of overextending ourselves is obvious.

While Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed seems to make a strong connection between collapse of a society and it's environment, this book is not all about eco-meltdowns. He also measures four other critical factors involving the demise of societies as well; including hostile neighbors; loss of trading partners; climate change and perhaps most importantly, a society's responses to its challenges. In this vein, this book also looks at several past success stories where societies in Japan and the highlands of New Guinea had the insight to change fundamental, traditional values and restore a positive balance with nature, trading partners etc. and thrive.

In its conclusion, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed presents a cautious optimism for our own future. The book concludes that because we are the creators our own problems, we also have the power to amend the quandaries we have made. This, the book maintains, will not be easy and will require profound courage; but necessary if we are to have hope for the future.
Collapse How Societies Choose To Fail Or Succeed
I was always top of the class at primary school. It seemed my natural place was at the top. I wasn't a swot, mind. Just naturally brilliant! I became the first pupil of that school to pass the eleven plus exam (don't worry - it's history) in decades, and I was only aged 10!

At grammar school, I found I wasn't quite so clever. No longer did I shine effortlessly. But I still wasn't a swot! So from the age of 10 until 13 I sank inexorably from the 'A' stream to the 'D' stream.

Then we moved and I went to a new school. It was much smaller. They only had two streams - 'A' and 'B'. Naturally I was put into the 'B' stream. Suddenly, I was top of the class again! Naturally brilliant once more! And still not a swot! I was transferred to the 'A' stream. Now I settled towards the lower end of the top third.

But there were compensations. I was suddenly a sporting hero! The school had just recently changed its winter sport from soccer to rugby. And I had transferred from a rugby-playing school! I knew how to play this game! At the age of 14 I was in the school first team! And what a first team it was! Our pack was so heavy that we pushed every other team off the ball. We won game after game. Great to be back on top.

Academically though, I was still only a little above average. I grew to dislike school. I didn't want to work and without work could see I was never going to regain my natural position at the top.

I became passionate about wanting to join the RAF as a pilot. There were many war films around at the time and I fancied myself as a Douglas Bader (with legs) or a Guy Gibson of the Dam Busters. But I was blind as a bat! I even failed the RAF scholarship selection board - not entirely because of my eyes, I suspect.

But I still nurtured ambitions in that direction so, when I collected my handful of GCE passes, I stayed on into the sixth form. The science sixth, naturally as I still wanted to fly.

Suddenly I realised I had made a dreadful mistake! I didn't understand what the teachers were talking about! Calculus, pure and applied maths, physics. It was all gibberish! I had to get out of there! Not only was I not at the top where I belonged - I was drowning in a sea of incomprehensible jargon. I was a total failure!!

My previous slips from the pedestal I had erected for myself were as nothing compared to this plunge into the abyss!

I knew my parents would never agree to me leaving school. They wanted me to be educated properly. 'A' levels, university, a proper career.

I suddenly became fascinated by quantity surveying. Where that came from, heaven knows. But I realised that the next best thing to university, in their eyes, would be to enter a recognised profession. This was the only one I could come up with that did not require me to get 'A' levels or a degree before I embarked upon it.

Somehow I convinced them that I really was interested and together we set out to find a suitable firm to which I could become articled as a pupil.

We found one. I was released from school! God was back in his heaven and all was well again.

Except that I was once more expected to study. And, being the only pupil now, the boss could keep a watchful eye on me and make sure I worked. Well, he could try. But remember I was naturally brilliant so I did just enough to keep him happy.

Which was not quite enough to get me through the exams.

So I left and embarked on a series of jobs that kept me in beer and cigarettes for the next nine years or so.

By now I was twenty-seven and in the computer business. Eventually I found myself holding the lofty post of marketing director in a very successful consultancy firm. We had three offices in England and a further Swiss office to handle our business in France, Holland, Germany, Austria and South America. Journalists hung on my words; The Times published my letters. I was back where I belonged - on top!

It did not last, of course. Over the next thirty years my life became a roller coaster of success and failure. From computers I moved into insurance. From insurance to photography. Photography to taxis. Eventually back to computers. I'd be at the top and then plunge to new depths as company or personal disaster overtook me.

I married, divorced. Tried again.

Went from flats to houses to bigger houses to rented rooms and back. Drove Mercedes and Lada, Jaguar and Skoda. Rolls-Royce and 2CV.

My point is that it is not merely okay to fail. It is necessary! The point is it is only by comparison with the lows that you really appreciate the highs. The point is; if you have always been at the top, 'naturally brilliant', you'll never understand what others - like your friends and colleagues - go through.

If you have followed a well-worn career path from school to now, you haven't lived! And you probably haven't taken any risks either.

And wherever you are - things can be better. But, in order to progress, you must embrace the possibility (the inevitability!) of failure. Or should I say 'feedback'? (I think it was Anthony Robbins who said there is no such thing as failure, only feedback.)

One way to move on is by networking. Whatever you want from life is available but, as Martin Rutte has pointed out, 'You have to do it by yourself and you can't do it alone'. So why not find the people who can help you? If you need some help finding 'em, take a look at Networkaholics!

As for me, things seem to be pretty good - for now. I'm doing what I love to do and I'm being very well rewarded for doing it. God knows how long it will last!
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Both John Woolf & Jim Ewan are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

John Woolf has sinced written about articles on various topics from Book Reviews, Metabolism and Writing. John Woolf is the founder of several successful Internet technology companies including the . Visit CompareBook.com to read. John Woolf's top article generates over 12100 views. to your Favourites.

Jim Ewan has sinced written about articles on various topics from Religion, Public Speaking and Self Confidence. Jim Ewan has been researching personal development for over 30 years. A professional speaker, he helps . Learn more abou. Jim Ewan's top article generates over 27100 views. to your Favourites.
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