Transvestism is not simply dressing up in the other garments for fun or for temporary effect. Paraphilias third types is Voyeurism is behavior to observe an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing or engaging in activities, or may not be in nature at all. Fourth is Exhibitionism- compulsive act of inappropriately exposing one's organs to unsuspecting strangers for the purpose of arousal and gratification. Fifth is Sadomasochism- Sadism is the intentional infliction of pain on another person or the threat to do so, for excitement. This disorder is different from minor acts of aggression in normal activity. In some cases, sadists are able to find willing partners to participate in the sadistic activities. The caused of Paraphilia is childhood trauma, such as abuse. Others causes arousing if they are frequently and repeatedly associated with a pleasurable activity. In most cases, the individual with a paraphilia has difficulty developing personal and relationships with others. Many paraphilias begin during adolescence and continue into adulthood. The intensity and occurrence of the fantasies associated with paraphilia vary with the individual, but usually decrease as the person ages. Paraphilias treatment modalities currently used fall into three categories: surgical castration, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. Long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist analogues are the most potent antiandrogens, and selectively abolish testosterone secretion in a totally reversible fashion.



Causes of Paraphilias

Common causes and Risk factors of Paraphilias

Brain injury.

Schizophrenia.

Biological factors.

Hormones.

Signs and Symptoms of Paraphilias

Common Sign and Symptoms of Paraphilias

Pain..

Humiliation to another person.

Bitten, or spanked.

Treatment of Paraphilias

Common Treatment of Paraphilias

Treatment modalities currently used fall into three categories: surgical castration, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy.

Pharmacological interventions consist of antiandrogens that either completely reduce testosterone secretion and/or antagonize the action of testosterone at the level of the receptor, and psychotropic drugs, namely antidepressants.

Cyproterone and medroxyprogesterone acetates are the two antiandrogens more commonly used.

Psychotropic drugs may be effective solely in men with a definite obsessive-compulsive disorder component.

Long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist analogues are the most potent antiandrogens, and selectively abolish testosterone secretion in a totally reversible fashion.

Group therapy involves breaking through the denial so commonly found in people with paraphilias by surrounding them with other patients who share their illness.

Cognitive therapies described include restructuring cognitive distortions and empathy training.

Use social skills training to treat patients with these types of disorders. Many social skills training groups also teach basic education, which is very helpful to this patient population.