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Paternity Testing During Pregnancy

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Looking at the past can in many cases give you a picture of what the future is likely to be like. And in that spirit, looking at the past of paternity testing ? from a time when it was basically a research technology with few applications outside the laboratory to a point in time when it is considered a mainstream biomedical technology - we can make a number of predictions on what the future of paternity testing is likely to shape up.

For one, we can confidently predict that demand for paternity testing is likely to grow. As more and more people (and especially men) become sensitized on the workings of paternity testing, we are likely to see more and more of them coming forward to request a paternity test to ascertain that the people they present proudly as ?their children? are indeed their offspring. The future society is also likely to be more open to such steps of courage, which in current society would be seen as distrustful in a family situation, that where the children's mother is likely to feel that her man doesn't trust her should he venture to request for such a paternity test. What we are likely to see is an openness where a request to have the children undergo a DNA test (from the man) won't be seen as distrustful, but rather simply as an attempt to know the truth, which ?sets free.? Now the idea of women being open to suggestions from their man that their children undergo a DNA test might seem far-fetched, but there is no denying that society is fast becoming more and more open to novel ideas.

We can also predict that cost of paternity testing is likely to fall. With current developments in biomedical technology, we can expect (in the foreseeable future) a situation where it will be possible to produce very cheap disposable kits through which anyone with an interest can conduct a DNA test at their convenience and on their own, upon reading a few instructions on how to go about it. This would be a major development, because a huge component of the current considerably high cost of a paternity test goes to the payment of the people who conduct the test, seeing that with the relatively modest technology commonly available today, the DNA test normally has to be conducted by a high skilled professional in a highly equipped laboratory.

New applications for paternity testing are also likely to be found in the future. Indeed, it is so hard to foresee a point in time when for instance, no man will be willing to take responsibility for a child before undergoing a DNA test with the child, just to be sure that the child is indeed his. This will be a time when women will have been sexually liberated to the extent that men are liberated today, and where it will be considered ?only fair? that a man ascertains the paternity of a child before taking parental responsibility for it. And while this might sound like the stuff science fiction is made of, one might actually be amazed to learn that some couples in the so-called ?open? relationship are already considering these types of arrangements, where paternity is first ascertained before paternal responsibilities are assumed.

Paternity Testing During Pregnancy

DNA testing is one of the most conclusive ways available to determine paternity of any given child. By taking a sample of DNA from both the alleged father and from the child in question, high-tech DNA profiling techniques are used to match reference points across genetic markers on both samples which can lead to an accurate determination of where a genetic relationship exists.

In an ideal world, paternity testing would have available both a sample from the child and from his alleged father in order to best establish the link between them. However, in some DNA paternity testing cases the father is not available to give his DNA sample, whether through choice, or unavailability for some other reason. However, where the father is absent, it is still possible to use other DNA tests to determine whether a relationship exists.

DNA Testing on Other Direct Relatives

By performing DNA testing with other members of the family that share some of the same genes with the alleged father, it is possible to determine whether or not there is a likelihood of paternity over the child in question. Obviously the father's sample is desired for reasons of accuracy and conclusivity, however it is more than possible (particularly with advancing testing technologies) to be able to determine paternity through shared genetic material through more distant relatives to the father. In other words, provided a relative of the alleged father is available for DNA testing, you should be able to obtain some results although this may not always be conclusive.

DNA Testing on Grandparents

In the absence of the alleged father or any separate sample of his DNA, the alleged paternal grandparents can provide the key to establishing paternity. By taking a sample from either one or both the grandmother and grandfather of the baby, it is possible to determine even in the absence of the father whether or not there is shared genetic material and consequently whether or not there is a shared relationship, i.e. parentage.

DNA Testing on Male Relatives

Y-STR testing is one of the most innovative DNA testing methods honed in recent years, tracking down the male-only Y- chromosome to establish genetic links between male children and elder vertical male relatives, for example grandfathers, great grandfathers, even great uncles by blood relationships. This can be particularly handy where the father is unavailable and direct elderly relatives have died, given that a great deal of genetic material passes unmutated from father to son throughout generations. Of course, this is however absolutely of no use for DNA testing of female children.

DNA Testing on Siblings

Alternatively siblings can also provide a close genetic match, which makes it possible to test whether or not two children are related by the whole blood, rather than half. Where there is dispute over the potential father of a child, an alleged sibling's sample can be a good way to compare DNA to determine the extent of the relationship. The same can be said for brothers and sisters of the alleged father, who can also share some genetic material sufficient to provide a result in DNA testing of the child in question,

If your situation requires is such that you require to do the DNA testing through one of the alternatives above, it is always advisable to contact in advance the company who will be performing the DNA test and explain your case in full so that they can advise you on the DNA testing options available as well the results that can be obtained.

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Both Jane May & Kevin Camilleri are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

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