The thing that complicates the matter even more is that it takes quite a long time to achieve the desired results. This is the main reason as to why businesses should conduct Six Sigma project appraisals on a regular basis.
Periodic appraisals help businesses to ensure that the project is right track and proceeds just as planned.
Understanding the Appraisal Process
The appraisal system adopted by Six Sigma is same as the process of evaluation adopted during the implementation stage of Six Sigma concepts and methodologies. That's because, since Six Sigma aims at qualitative improvement, the appraisal process too involves a variety of quality checks of the business processes.
The appraisal process is pretty simple. It works on the basis of checklists and questionnaires, which makes it easier for the Six Sigma appraisers to evaluate the current condition of the process that is prevailing in the company. The appraisers then compare their findings with the standards that were defined before the implementation process. In addition, the Six Sigma appraisal process is quite similar to the quality control tools used by the ISO 9000 certified companies.
Nowadays, it has become pretty common to see Six Sigma organizations using the quality control devices defined by Malcolm Baldrige.
Tools and Techniques Used During Six Sigma Appraisals
During the appraisal process, the main tools that are used are the descriptive charts, which in layman's terms are checklists used by professional Six Sigma appraisers. These charts are prepared by the appraisers at the beginning of the implementation process and are used for verifying the applicability of the ongoing Six Sigma quality improvement initiatives.
The thing to remember here is that a separate checklist is prepared for assessing the status of each individual business process or activity. For example, if the Six Sigma implementation is being carried out simultaneously in the production and finance department, a separate checklist will be prepared for each of these. Each of these checklists are quite effective because they are created as per the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) that are determined during the initial stages of Six Sigma project implementations.
They help appraisers to determine whether or not the standard procedures are being followed. It also helps in understanding exactly how well the predetermined plans are being carried out by those associated with the implementation.
Inherent Limitations
Even though the Six Sigma appraisal process plays a vital role in determining the success of Six Sigma implementations, it has its limitations in that it can only be used for monitoring quality levels already existing in a business organization. That is to say that it does not contribute anything towards making further quality improvements in an organization, something that is possible only through Six Sigma implementations.
However, the limitations do not reduce the importance of Six Sigma appraisals because the appraisals do help in reducing risks associated with Six Sigma implementations. Without the appraisal process, it would be like riding a boat with a hole in it, for every organization that intends to improve quality and efficiency through Six Sigma implementations.
Six Sigma Process Improvement
Sigma, the word which forms the core of this process is derived from the Greek alphabet and is used to represent the standard deviation of a statistical population. The term Six Sigma process arrives from the belief that if one has six standard deviations between the standard specification limit and the mean, there will be a few or no item that fails to meet the specifications. This study is based on the calculation model which is used in a process capability study where the number of standard deviations that occur between the mean and the nearest specification is in sigma units. What happens here is that once the process standard deviation rises, fewer standard deviations will find its place between the nearest specification limit and the mean, which in turn will decrease the sigma number.
It has been studied that processes do not perform in the long run, thus, the number of sigmas that fit between the processes mean and the nearest specification limit might drop over time. It is to cater to this real-life increase in variation over time that an empirically based 1.5 sigma shift was introduced in the six sigma calculation. It is from this idea that the process that fits the process mean and the nearest specification limit in a short-term study will in the long run fit 4.5 sigmas. This study finally gives rise to the widely accepted definition of the Six Sigma process, which produces 3.4 defective parts out of per million opportunities. To sum up, we can say that the Six Sigma process corresponds to 4.5 sigmas, which is namely 6 sigmas minus the 1.5 sigma shift which is introduced in order to account for the long-term variation.
Basically the Six Sigma process is very specific as it uses clearly defined steps and methodologies. In this process, a problem is defined and then the Six Sigma team takes steps to find a solution that will result in monetary gain. Projects that form the core of the Six Sigma process involves data, measurements and decisions based on fact. The Six Sigma process involves five steps that are enumerated below.
?Define: In this stage, the problem is specified in very clear terms. It is very important to find the root cause at this stage so that steps can be taken to measure that it has improved.
?Measure: Data that covers a wide of issues is collected at this stage. For e.g., in the case of manufacturing, this data could cover the measurements of a specific product, such as its height, weight, diameter or other attributes. To ensure that there is enough information for statistical validity it is important to collect data from multiple samples.
?Analyze: This stage is used for the statistical and scientific analysis of data, which is then presented in the form of graphs and charts. In most organizations, software is used to create these graphs.
?Improvement: In this stage it is time to make improvements based on the information that has been gathered. This improvement could range from something really small to something more complex.
?Control: This is the stage when new improvements are included into the methods a business uses to ensure that it is meeting certain requirements.
Both Tony Jacowski & Peter Peterka are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
Tony Jacowski has sinced written about articles on various topics from University, Six Sigma and Information Technology. Tony Jacowski is a quality analyst for The MBA Journal. Aveta Solution's Six Sigma Online offers online and certification classes for six sigma pro. Tony Jacowski's top article generates over 90500 views. to your Favourites.
Peter Peterka has sinced written about articles on various topics from Six Sigma, Leadership and Six Sigma. Peter Peterka is the President of SixSigma.us. For information on ,. Peter Peterka's top article generates over 12100 views. to your Favourites.
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