The nine months of pregnancy is a crucial period for both the mother and the fetus. It is over this period of time that a fertilized egg develops into a fully formed newborn. The pregnancy period can be broken up typically into three stages called trimesters. Each of these trimesters spans over a period of roughly three months or thirteen weeks. Though there are no hard and fast rules regarding the demarcation of the periods yet the changes that take place over the months are better described with distinctions being made between the trimesters. The mom-to-be ought to learn up certain things about the stages of pregnancy and the adequate care thereof.

Care during first trimester

The first trimester is the period when the developing embryo becomes implanted into the endometrial lining of a woman's uterus. The period is characterized by morning sickness as is observable with most women in their first trimester. Besides, changes in the size of the breasts and body mass, vomiting and nausea may also be observed. There may even be experienced excessive urination. This is the period which concludes with the fetus growing to a hazelnut's size and starts showing signs of life. Since most miscarriages occur during this period considerable caution needs to be observed. Intensive and regular medical checkups are a must during this period to take care of the health of both the fetus and the mother. It is important to keep monitoring the health during this time lest any more than usual pregnancy related symptoms can be seen. A nutritious diet and light physical exercise routine need to be followed at such time.

The second trimester concerns

During the second trimester most women start feeling more energized and start putting on weight. The morning sickness subsides and soon is no more experienced. The developments and first movements of the fetus start getting felt within. The protrusion of the belly also starts getting more prominent at this time. Though weight gain is common during this period rapid and considerable weight gain will be an indication of multiple births. However, excess weight gain could also mean problems and it is advisable to consult a physician during this period.

Care to be taken while the third trimester commences

With the onset of the third trimester the final weight gain takes place and the fetus shows signs of regular movement. This may be an uncomfortable period for the mother and symptoms of weak bladder control and back ache can be seen. Leg cramps can also be felt. These may result in sleep disturbances and can aggravate the cranky feeling characteristic of the stage.

This period may also be looked upon as the ?preparation time? for childbirth. So, would-be moms ought to start taking breastfeeding and childbirth exercises to make them better prepared for managing delivery and post natal concerns.

The would-be mother usually gets screened for group B streptococcus (GBS) during the third trimester. Though the GBS bacterium is harmless in case of adults the babies becoming infected with it can become critically ill. So, this checking should importantly de done. Besides, vaginal examinations need to be taken up to check out the baby's position and detect cervical changes.

Foods and Supplementation During Pregnancy

Throughout the course of your pregnancy your body has a demand for a larger volume of essential nutrients. In the following article we will details some of the most commonly used supplements taken during pregnancy and also detail foods you should avoid.

1. Folic acid - Folic acid is found in the B group of vitamins and can be found in many foods. Foods that are high in Folic acid include many fruits including Papaya and Kiwi fruit. Additionally vegetables such as Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Spinach and Cabbage are also good sources of Folic acid.

Taking Folic acid whilst pregnant has been shown to protect your unborn baby from neural tube defects such as Spina Bifida. A babies spine develops early in pregnancy and as such folic acid should be taken as soon as contraception stops and up to the 12th week of pregnancy.

2. Iron - During your pregnancy ensure you are eating plenty of iron rich foods. Good sources of iron include red meat, bread, green vegetables and many breakfast cereals. Be aware that whilst liver contains large amounts of iron it should be avoided whilst you are pregnant.

3. Vitamin D - Our primary source of vitamin D is sunlight. Be careful not to burn but try to spend some time outside. If this isn't possible you may be short of vitamin D and may need to see your GP.

Foods to avoid during your pregnancy.

1. Vitamin A - During your pregnancy ensure that you don't have too much vitamin A in your diet as this can harm your baby. Avoid foods containing liver such as pate and also check with your GP before taking multi vitamins or cod liver oil supplements.

2. Some fish - whilst fish is generally good for us there are certain fish types that should be avoided during your pregnancy. Restrict Tuna and avoid Shark, Swordfish, Marlin and Shellfish.

3. Foods that may contain Listeria - such as soft and blue veined cheeses, pate, potato salad and coleslaw and also ready meals should be avoided.

4. Foods that may contain Salmonella - Such as raw eggs, unpasteuised milk, raw poultry and raw meat.

5. Toxoplasmosis - This is an infection caused by a parasite in cat faeces which can also be present in undercooked meats and unwashed fruit and vegetables. Ensure meats are well cooked and fruit and vegetables are thoroughly washed.

6. Caffeine - Caffeine affects the way your body absorbs iron and should subsequently be limited or avoided completed. High caffeine levels can result in a baby having a low birth weight or worse cause a miscarriage. Ensure that your caffeine intake is no more than 300mg a day which is equivalent to three mugs of instant coffee.

7. Alcohol - During your pregnancy you should avoid alcohol. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause a variety of problem including low birth weights and birth defects.

The above is a simplistic guide to the most common food types, if you have concerns about particular foods or supplements during your pregnancy visit your GP for detailed advice.