A softwaredevelopment process is a structure imposed on the development of a softwareproduct. Synonyms include software lifecycle and software process.There are several models for such processes, each describing approaches to avariety of tasks or activities that take place during the process. . Let us see the steps involve in any software development.
Domain Analysis
Often thefirst step in attempting to design a new piece of software, whether it be anaddition to an existing software, a new application, a new subsystem or a wholenew system, is what is generally referred to as "Domain Analysis".Assuming that the developers (including the analysts) are not sufficientlyknowledgeable in the subject area of the new software, the first task is toinvestigate the so-called "domain" of the software. The moreknowledgeable they are about the domain already, the less the work required.Another objective of this work is to make the analysts who will later try toelicit and gather the requirements from the area experts or professionals,speak with them in the domain's own terminology and to better understand whatis being said by these people. Otherwise they will not be taken seriously. So,this phase is an important prelude to extracting and gathering therequirements.
Software Elements Analysis
The mostimportant task in creating a software product is extracting the requirements. Clientstypically know what they want, but not what software should do, whileincomplete, ambiguous or contradictory requirements are recognized by skilledand experienced software engineers. Frequently demonstrating live code may helpreduce the risk that the requirements are incorrect.
Specification
Specificationis the task of precisely describing the software to be written, possibly in arigorous way. In practice, most successful specifications are written tounderstand and fine-tune applications that were already well-developed,although safety-critical software systems are often carefully specified priorto application development. Specifications are most important for externalinterfaces that must remain stable.
Implementation (or coding)
Reducing adesign to code may be the most obvious part of the software engineering job,but it is not necessarily the largest portion.
Testing
Testing ofparts of software, especially where code by two different engineers must work togetherfalls to the software engineer.
Documentation
Animportant (and often overlooked) task is documenting the internal design ofsoftware for the purpose of future maintenance and enhancement. Documentationis most important for external interfaces.
Software Training and Support
A largepercentage of software projects fail because the developers fail to realizethat it doesn't matter how much time and planning a development team puts intocreating software if nobody in an organization ends up using it. People areoccasionally resistant to change and avoid venturing into an unfamiliar areaso, as a part of the deployment phase, it is very important to have trainingclasses for the most enthusiastic software users (build excitement andconfidence), shifting the training towards the neutral users intermixed withthe avid supporters, and finally incorporate the rest of the organization intoadopting the new software. Users will have lots of questions and softwareproblems which lead to the next phase of software.
Maintenance
Maintainingand enhancing software to cope with newly discovered problems or newrequirements can take far more time than the initial development of thesoftware. Not only may it be necessary to add code that does not fit theoriginal design but just determining how software works at some point after itis completed may require significant effort by a software engineer. About ⅔ ofall software engineering work is maintenance, but this statistic can bemisleading. A small part of that is fixing bugs. Most maintenance is extendingsystems to do new things, which in many ways can be considered new work.
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The Software Development Process
Computers are such an integral part of our daily lives and this has opened the way for those who have the ability to engage in software development to have very solid careers. With the skill set to write computer software programs, a person is involved in work that is filled with variety and can be very financially rewarding as well. Just about anything someone can conceive of can be programmed by a skilled developer.
In fact, a great deal of application development comes about because someone with a passion for a certain area of interest or specialty sees that there is a need for computer software to improve that area. Then they combine their interest in a hobby with the skills to create software and that is how many unique and very valuable programs are conceived.
Some people believe that people who write programs are "nerds" who stare at computers screens all day and weave the coding for software development. But the fact is that most of the cutting-edge computer software that we have today was developed because a programmer saw a problem in the real-world that needed to be solved.
A successful programmer will not only possess all of the skills to be able to do the very technical parts of writing software, but they will also be able to effectively collaborate with the end user. If the programmer is open to feedback about the challenges that the people using the software are encountering, then there is the potential for creating the very best software tools and solutions possible.
People who are interested in the development of software and who also are interested in a particular specialty area are often the best suited to come up with innovative packages that meet the very specific needs of a niche business or hobby area. Some one with a sincere and deep interest in a specialty will end up creating solutions that can easily outshine a program that was written by a disinterested programmer who just happened to receive the assignment.
A good example of this can be seen in the area of graphic design. A skilled graphic designer who is also passionate about her specialty and who has experience in this area can quickly determine the challenges that are encountered on a daily basis in trying to finish a project. Taking that knowledge and insight and combining it with the skills to write the code for a designing program will no doubt result in a program that other such design professionals will quickly appreciate.
Since computers are an ever increasingly important aspect of daily life, there will always be a demand for people who posses the abilities to engage in software development. Most programmers will choose to specialize in writing programs for one of the two primary operating systems, which are the Microsoft Windows platform and the Apple Macintosh system.
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