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A softwaredevelopment process is a structure imposed on the development of a softwareproduct. Synonyms include software lifecycle and software process.There are several models for such processes, each describing approaches to avariety of tasks or activities that take place during the process. . Let us see the steps involve in any software development.
Domain Analysis
Often thefirst step in attempting to design a new piece of software, whether it be anaddition to an existing software, a new application, a new subsystem or a wholenew system, is what is generally referred to as "Domain Analysis".Assuming that the developers (including the analysts) are not sufficientlyknowledgeable in the subject area of the new software, the first task is toinvestigate the so-called "domain" of the software. The moreknowledgeable they are about the domain already, the less the work required.Another objective of this work is to make the analysts who will later try toelicit and gather the requirements from the area experts or professionals,speak with them in the domain's own terminology and to better understand whatis being said by these people. Otherwise they will not be taken seriously. So,this phase is an important prelude to extracting and gathering therequirements.
The mostimportant task in creating a software product is extracting the requirements. Clientstypically know what they want, but not what software should do, whileincomplete, ambiguous or contradictory requirements are recognized by skilledand experienced software engineers. Frequently demonstrating live code may helpreduce the risk that the requirements are incorrect.
Specificationis the task of precisely describing the software to be written, possibly in arigorous way. In practice, most successful specifications are written tounderstand and fine-tune applications that were already well-developed,although safety-critical software systems are often carefully specified priorto application development. Specifications are most important for externalinterfaces that must remain stable.
Reducing adesign to code may be the most obvious part of the software engineering job,but it is not necessarily the largest portion.
Testing ofparts of software, especially where code by two different engineers must work togetherfalls to the software engineer.
Animportant (and often overlooked) task is documenting the internal design ofsoftware for the purpose of future maintenance and enhancement. Documentationis most important for external interfaces.
A largepercentage of software projects fail because the developers fail to realizethat it doesn't matter how much time and planning a development team puts intocreating software if nobody in an organization ends up using it. People areoccasionally resistant to change and avoid venturing into an unfamiliar areaso, as a part of the deployment phase, it is very important to have trainingclasses for the most enthusiastic software users (build excitement andconfidence), shifting the training towards the neutral users intermixed withthe avid supporters, and finally incorporate the rest of the organization intoadopting the new software. Users will have lots of questions and softwareproblems which lead to the next phase of software.
Maintainingand enhancing software to cope with newly discovered problems or newrequirements can take far more time than the initial development of thesoftware. Not only may it be necessary to add code that does not fit theoriginal design but just determining how software works at some point after itis completed may require significant effort by a software engineer. About ⅔ ofall software engineering work is maintenance, but this statistic can bemisleading. A small part of that is fixing bugs. Most maintenance is extendingsystems to do new things, which in many ways can be considered new work.
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