Guide to Finance

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The Stock Market History

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Early in our country's history and stock market history, Boston was the original financial center of America. In Boston bonds for projects that included roads, canals, bridges and commodities such as hides and molasses, were sold and bought by dealers in Boston. Even though business was conducted in Boston, it was not considered an official place to conduct such financial business which is part of the stock market history.



It wasn't until 1792 that the United States of America would official organize a formal stock and bond trading in the stock market history which was located in New York. The new banks that were forming attracted wealthy businessmen, who would sell lottery tickets, bonds and shares of stocks along with their ordinary trade. During this time, treasury bonds issued by the new Bank of the United States were the hottest commodity for trading and speculating.

According to stock market history, the first organized stock exchange was created in 1792. Benjamin Jay, John Sutton and 22 additional financial leaders met and agreed to sign an agreement that outlined the rules, regulations and fees for the stock exchange. The original Wall Street was built in 1644 on the lower end of Manhattan by the Dutch to protect themselves against attacks from the British. The wall was later destroyed but the road that ran along side it remained. This is how the term Wall Street was first conceived.

Stock market history includes the establishment of the Stock Exchange Office. The Stock Exchange Office was used to auction securities every day to be sold to the highest bidder. The seller of the securities paid the exchange a commission on each stock or bond sold. Stock market history shows that the Stock Exchange was an exclusive organization that only the elite of New York's financial community could join.

It wasn't until 1817 that the name of the Stock Exchange was officially changed to the New York Stock and Exchange Board. Then in 1863, the New York Stock and Exchange Board decided to change its name to the New York Stock Exchange. In stock market history, it was during 1863 that the New York Stock Exchange moved into the building at the corner of Wall and Broad streets to conduct business. This is the location that the New York Stock Exchange still conducts business today.

During the early years of the stock market history, there were a few smaller exchanges that competed with the New York Stock Exchange. One of these smaller exchanges was known as the Curbstone Brokers because they would conduct business outside on the curb come rain or shine. The Curbstone Brokers would deal in smaller companies that couldn't meet the requirements that had been set by the New York Stock Exchange. It wasn't until after the Curbstone Brokers had been in business for over 100 years that they purchased a lot at the west end of Wall Street known as Trinity Place. In 1919, the Curbstone Brokers built a tall modern building at 86 Trinity Place. Ten years later the Curbstone Brokers renamed themselves the New York Curb Exchange and moved into their brand new building. Stock market history shows that in 1953 the New York Curb Exchange changed its name to the American Stock Exchange.

Stock market history shows there were only 295 corporations in 1800 in the exchange which about 20 traded publicly. By 1835, there were approximately 121 being traded publicly many of those were railroads. In 1869, there were 145 companies listed, including insurance, steel, farm equipment, tobacco, and other manufacturers. In 1900, U.S. Steel was the biggest stock being traded. Stock market history shows that AT&T, Westinghouse, Eastman Kodak, Procter and Gamble, Pillsbury, Sears, Kellogg, and Nabisco Crackers were also on the New York Stock Exchange during this time period.

The market was roaring during this time. Stock market history shows that a good Wall Street “runner” (someone who delivered paperwork and stock certificates between brokerages) could make $8.00 per day which was an incredible sum considering the prevailing wage at the time was 10 cents or less per hour.
The Stock Market History
This month marks one of the worst Januarys in the history of the stock market. With the housing bubble bursting and the dollar fading the future for US investors doesn't exactly look promising. It seems like anything our friends at the all mighty Federal Reserve try to do misses the mark every time. Is it time to shake things up in Mr. Bernanke's fleet of Harvard economic geniuses, or does congress need a slap in the face and a lesson in long run economics? If you share my opinion we need a large helping of both and if we don't, a portfolio fortification is critical.

In the likely occasion of a recession in the near future few investors cannot afford to ride this terrifying roller coaster out. A major revamp of your portfolio needs to be on the top of your financial to-do list. First off most advisors are suggesting less equities and more debt investing. We all know what that means; get out the less glamorous yet notably more secure bond list. Here were going to do something a little different then what the typical investor would think of doing. Instead of investing in the usual 10 year T-bill, we are going to go the other direction. Moving about 15% of our portfolio into more profitable corporate bonds can add the necessary security needed, with about a 2-2.5% larger ROI compared to your average treasury bond. This accounts for anywhere between 10-25% of your portfolio the next step is figuring out what to do with the rest.

With a recession impending on the horizon one awful truth is imminent. Company earnings will start to contract and with earning contraction comes employment contraction. With this alarming truth comes the necessity to start preparing for an extended period of time without an income source just in case. If you feel like there is even the most remote chance of termination you will need some cash put aside that is readily accessible in times of distress. The general norm is to have at least six months worth of living expenses set aside in an extremely liquid account. Let's say that at the very most 10% of your portfolio should be some form of cash or any other easily accessible investment depending upon your net worth. With the safest investments out of the way lets move on to more profitable/secure investments.

We're going to steer away from owning to many individual stocks in this volatile market so the next areas we will look into are mutual funds and ETF's. Investing in foreign companies seems to be the most logical way to go when the US is teetering on the brink of a recession. Finding mutual funds that invest heavily in companies in China and other emerging markets have the most promise right now. ETF's, emerging market funds, also offer a very nice blanket of diversity. ETF's focus investments on an entire market sector such as energy, technology, agriculture and so on. Investing anywhere from 20-30% of your portfolio in these particular vehicles will provide you with optimal security and diversity.

Recently looking more and more attractive, are what some people deem ?Sin Funds/Vice Funds?. These investments focus on stocks that do particularly well historically in times of ill market conditions. Unlike most stocks during a down turn in the market, sin stocks or vice stocks, earning actually increase. It's really a phenomenon most investors ignore. Vice funds offer a very unique intangible asset that is impossible to duplicate in times considerably rough markets. Focusing most of there investments on companies people tend to use more of when stressed and pinched for money, such as tobacco and alcohol, makes sin funds a very safe investment. Committing up to 25% of your portfolio to a reputable sin fund could have you bragging to your friends while they are crying about how much money they've lost in recent weeks. As you can see individual stocks aren't exactly the safest investments for this market, but there are some stocks that are considered as relatively safe.

If you must invest in individual stocks please take our advice and go big. Large cap stocks seem like the only way to go right now, offering little relative risk. Companies like Coca-Cola and Microsoft are looking decent right now, but don't risk too much money on individual stock picks they're probably not worth it in the end.

Hopefully we have provided at least a slightly enlightening way of invest your money securely in the uncertain near future. Remember with every problem comes an opportunity so keep your eyes open for companies severely undervalued. Value investing for the long term right now is your safest bet when it comes to stocks so steer clear of most growth stocks unless you know something I don't!
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About Author
Both Jayme Hanson & Robert Thomson are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

Jayme Hanson has sinced written about articles on various topics from Gardening, Finances and Debt Reduction Consolidation. Jayme Hanson operates an information site about . Articles include information on Investing Money Advice,. Jayme Hanson's top article generates over 22200 views. to your Favourites.

Robert Thomson has sinced written about articles on various topics from Personal Desktop, Finances and Pets. and see how Sin Funds are becoming the investment choice of top Wall Street analysts and investors. Don't take a beating from the current stock mar. Robert Thomson's top article generates over 450000 views. to your Favourites.
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