The Helminthic is classified in 2 groups.



1. Nematodes: Known as roundworm and

2. Platyhelminth: Known as tapewarm and flukes.

There are many kinds of roundworms in nematodes group such as Acariasis, Enterobiasis, Trichuris and strongyloides stercalaris.

Acariasis

Transmission by eating the eggs of Acariasis that contaminate in the ground. Habitation of Acariasis is in the small intestinal. The patients will present the symptoms in the diseases of intestinal obstruction, liver abscess, billary acariasis and ascaris pneumonia. To diagnosis the Acariasis include: stomach X-ray, examine the eggs and mature of Acariasis in stool. The medications for treatment are albendazole, mebendazole, pyeantel pamoate and levamisol.

Enterobiasis

Route of transmission: from the environment and anus to mouth, or the egg through nose. After transmit to the body, Enterobiasis will habituate in the large intestinal and produce cysts. The symptoms and signs are emotional instability, weight loss, anorexia, fever and itchy around the anus. The onset time is gradually over 1-3 weeks. Diagnosis Enterobiasis by examine stool of patients, colonoscopy and serology. Recommended to treatment the infection by the medicines and should be treat everyone in the family. The medicines would be taken are albendazole, mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate.

Trichurisis

The mature of Trichurisis is found in large intestinal. Transmits to the body by eat eggs of Trichurisis. It would be no symptom if it is light infection but in heavy infection may present the symptoms of hemorrhage, mucopurulent stool, dysentery with rectal prolapsed. Diagnosis Trichurisis infection by examine stool of patients and proctoscopy. Medication should be taken are mebendazole 100 mg, 3 times a day for 3 days. Or the single dose of albendazole 400 mg.

Strongyloides stercolaris

Larva of Strongyloides stercolaris may contaminate in the ground, transmission by pierce to the human skin. The presentations of symptoms are different up to the age of Strongyloides stercolaris. The larva of Strongyloides stercolaris causes cough, pulmonary edema.The mature cause chronic diarrhea and malnutrition and may develop to the serious problem, like respiratory failure, brain damage and hold body inflammation. Medicines of choice are albendazole, mebendazole, tribendazole and ivermectin.

Ancylostomiasis

Habituate in small intestinal, transmit by pierce through the foot. The larva may cause irritation around the effect area, fever and lung inflamation. The mature cause anemia and intestinal ulcer. Diagnose the infection by examine the eggs of Ancylostomiasis in stool. Albendazole, Mebendozole, Pyrantel pamoate and levamisole are the medicines that should be treated in this case.

Cestode(Tapeworm) group

Taenia solium and opisthochis viverriini are the important helminthics in cestode (Tapeworm) group.

Taenia solium

The carrier of Taenia solium is pig. Transmit by eating larva or the eggs in the meat. The symptoms of infection present as stomach pain, nausea, vomit and weight loss. The cysticercosis (larva of Taenia solium) cause serious problems in neuron functions such as convulsion, paralysis and head pain. Diagnose by CT-Scan, MRI and examination larva in the stool. The medication for treatment the mature are niclosamide, praziquantel. And treat the larva infection with albendazole and praziquantel.

Opisthochis viverrini

Maturity of Opisthochis viverrini will stay in the bile. Transmit to the body by eating cyst of the helminthic in fish. The symptoms of infection are influence, liver pain and tumor in liver (Cholangiocarsioma). Diagnosis by examine the egg in the stool and ultra-sound the liver of patients. Medicines of choice are Praziquantel and Mebendazole.

Conclusion

The presentation of signs and symptoms in some diseases may involve with helminthic infection. If you are sick with unknown cause, helmenthic infection should be concern. Protection from helminthic infection by eating cooked food and take anthelmintic at least one time a year.