It is important for healthcare organizations, hospitals, medical organizations, even other organizations dispensing medical and health knowledge to communicate with ordinary people. The demand for medical information on the web is enormous. But while the Internet exposes laypeople to often complex medical texts, most organizations do the opposite. They try hard to make medical treatments and conditions sound overly simple using very basic language. Writing a dumbed-down article may not work. First, it can make it harder (not easier) to understand what the author is trying to communicate. Second, the problem for some readers is reading skills, not intelligence level.



Rules for dumbing-down patient literature always seem crazy. The rules are always about big words or sentence structure.

This is not to say that the average patient is some erudite academic who reads the New England Journal of Medicine in his spare time. But let's recognize what's really going on.

There are two types of patients: those that will want to know more about their treatment and those that won't. The latter group will ask few questions and likely not read or listen to any educational materials provided.

Of the group that wants to know more about the therapy, there are two groups. There is one group that is literate. Surprisingly, this country is full of literate people. A lot of intelligent, educated people get sick. Such people are often eager to learn more about their condition and will be grateful to accept patient materials. They actually read them. Sometimes they even ask for more.

Let's call this group the "readers." When you write for readers, you need only write well. You explain the condition, the treatment, possible adverse effects, and so on, and know that they will take it in. You cannot assume they have any medical background, so you must spell out basic medical practice, but otherwise, write well for them.

The second group of patients who want to know more are people who, for whatever reason, have trouble with reading. They may have another first language and struggle with English. They may be bright individuals who, for a variety of reasons, were under-educated; these people usually have poor reading skills. Some of them may have learning disabilities or physical challenges that make reading difficult. A few of them may be mentally challenged but still extremely interested in their treatment.

The problem is not that these people are dumb (they're most certainly not) but that they lack good reading skills. They don't read. But that doesn't mean you can't communicate. It just means you're not going to be as effective with a pamphlet as with some other methods.

Here are some ideas:

1. Make your printed piece a set of "illustrated instructions" with more pictures than text. Keep the text simple.

2. Consider the venerable comic book format. Tell the story mostly in pictures and use normal language as much as possible.

3. Go audio. Offer a CD or podcast version of your information. This is vital for the visually challenged but can be a good addition to those who don't like to read or who learn better by audio.

4. Make a DVD. DVDs can be created nowadays inexpensively; they need not cost more than a nice brochure.

5. Translate this stuff. Illustrated instructions, audio and DVD can all be offered in more than one language. The DVD can put them all on the same disk.

An organization that wants to create world-class patient educational materials should do it on two tracks: a literature-type product which involves reading skills and a more media-type product which suits those with weaker reading ability. If done well, your two patient manuals can connect with each other-you might have a pretty thorough patient brochure with a companion DVD. You provide them both together as one unit and the patient self-selects the preferred way he or she wants to learn.

The value of great patient literature cannot be overestimated. Great patient literature is an excellent service that organizations can provide to their customers and patients; the demand for this kind of material is enormous.

(Hint to medical companies: Hospitals often find themselves unwittingly in the publishing business because patients demand high-quality take-home information and there are few sources to find it. Solve this problem for your hospital and you get a lot of opportunities to raise awareness about your company in the eyes of hospitals, clinicians, and patients.)