Guide to Medical

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The Light At The End Of The Tunnel

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Unfortunately, there are many prostaglandins and some of them are also responsible for several normal and important functions such as maintenance of the protective layer of the stomach and blood flow to the kidneys.



Therefore, while NSAIDS are very effective for relieving pain and inflammation, they also have unwanted and sometimes unexpected side effects including stomach and small intestinal ulcers, ulcers involving the large bowel, kidney damage, rashes, and liver function abnormalities.

[It has been suggested that selective cyclooxygenase-2 blockers (drugs that block the prostaglandin responsible for inflammation while not blocking the prostaglandins responsible for maintenance of normal stomach protection) might lower the risk of stomach-related events.]

Gastrointestinal side effects have been most commonly seen in patients with certain risk factors such as: age greater than 65, history of alcohol and cigarette use, history of steroid use, history of prior ulcers, and use of more than one NSAID at a time. Rheumatoid arthritis patients also seem to be at higher risk because they often have other disease conditions and are usually taking other medicines that can predispose to stomach problems.

Also, NSAIDS as a class have been demonstrated to confer a slight- but real- increase in the incidence of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. As a result, attempts have been made to try to minimize the risks of NSAIDS.

A recent Dutch study revealed that at least in their country, researchers have seen a decline in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal ulcers and related complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).(Steen KSS, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:256-259).

This experience is similar to what has been demonstrated in the United States.

"This is most likely due to stricter adherence to guidelines for prevention of NSAID gastropathy (stomach side effects), and better treatment of rheumatoid arthritis," lead author, Dr. K. S. S. Steen of VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, and colleagues suggest.

The study was conducted by sending questionnaires at 4-month intervals to all RA patients in Amsterdam, addressing medication use, heartburn, and symptomatic gastrointestinal events in the previous 4 months.

Based on at least one returned questionnaire from each of 2099 patients, the incidence of gastrointestinal events in high-risk patients using NSAIDs) was 1.2%, "which appears to be substantially lower than the 2.1% observed in 1997" in a similar population, the investigators said.

In 2003- the year the study was conducted- RA patients used fewer non-selective NSAIDs and more selective cyclooxygenase-2 drugs as compared to 1997.

Also, patients at risk for NSAID stomach problems used more acid suppressive agents, which have been shown to protect the stomach, in 2003 as compared with 1997.

The investigators concluded, "These reasons for the decline of gastrointestinal events in our study resemble the US data, despite socioeconomic, ethnic and RA treatment regime differences."

All medicines, if they are effective, have potential side effects. All medicines need to be weighed in terms of risk versus benefit. Patients need to be educated about the potential liabilities of their medications as well as the potential beneficial outcomes.
The Light At The End Of The Tunnel
Almost 9 million (15%) children in America alone between the ages of 6 and 19 are overweight. This number is still rising according to information gathered between 1999 and 2000 (triple the number of 1980). The information has also shown that another 15% of children between the ages of 6 and 19 are at risk of becoming overweight also.

Obesity is defined as having an excessive accumulation of body fat which will result in the person's body being about 20% heavier than their ideal body weight. So those people whose weight is above what is considered their ideal range, are defined as being overweight. Obesity is a common eating disorder that is associated with teens.

Although teens may have fewer weight related health issues than adults, those teens that are overweight now are much more likely to be come overweight as an adult. Teens who are overweight (in fact people of all ages that are overweight) are at risk from a number of different health issues, and these include:

1. Heart Disease

2. Diabetes

3. High Blood Pressure

4. Strokes

5. Some forms of Cancer

6. Lower Self Esteem

7. Higher Stress and Peer Problems

Teens who are obese may find that they are not only physically unfit, but their well being is usually very low as well. Obese people also face having a shorter life expectancy than those who are the average weight for their body size. Plus, it can also lead to social disabilities and unhappiness.

A study that was carried and details which were released in May 2004 suggested that overweight children are more likely to be involved in bullying than those children who are a normal weight. But they can not only be the victims of bullying, they might be the bullies as well.

The development of their own personal identity and body image is an important goal for any teenager.

There are a number of causes for obesity which center around an imbalance in the teens energy they put into their bodies. The culprit might be the type of calories that they obtain from the food they eat. Or how good their metabolism is, and how much physical activity they have daily.

When a teen is overweight, it is because there is a problem with the nutritional value of their diet. This causes a delay in the body telling the brain to shut off the feelings of hunger. Or it may be psychological, lifestyle situations, even food allergies.

Family and Social Weight Loss Factors

Often children and teens are more at risk of becoming overweight if they have two overweight parents. Although in some cases, this may be due to a powerful genetic factor, or it may be because they are modeling themselves after what they see their parents eating. Children also model their parents type and level of activities. So physical activities, if any, you take part in, can directly affect your teen.

Higher Lifestyle Activity Levels play an essential Weight Loss role.

On average, an American child will spend several hours each day watching television or on a computer. Compare this to years ago, when this time would have been spent doing some form of physical activity instead. There are a large amount of teens and children who are now overweight, as they are expending little energy, and often eat high calorie snacks while watching TV or playing on the computer.

Is Heredity a Critical Factor in Weight Loss?

Recently, information has shown that heredity can be an influence in both children and teens. Children born to overweight mothers have been found to be less active. Typically they gain more weight by the age of 3 months compared to those children born to mothers who are the ?average? weight.

What can overweight teens do, and how can they lose weight successfully without resorting to dangerous fad diets? Click on the Link in my Resource Box Below and Sign up for the free global Weight Loss Tips 2008 video. - Glen B. Stewart
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About Author
Both Nathan Wei & Glen B. Stewart are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

Nathan Wei has sinced written about articles on various topics from Arthritis Pain, Health and Arthritis Signs. Nathan Wei, MD FACP FACR is a rheumatologist and Director of the Arthritis and Osteoporosis Center of Maryland. He is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. For more info:. Nathan Wei's top article generates over 550000 views. to your Favourites.

Glen B. Stewart has sinced written about articles on various topics from Work From Home, How to Sell on Ebay and Family Concerns. Glen B. Stewart is a globally known weight loss researcher and author. If you know the value of quality weight loss tips, secrets and resources - Enjoy this rolodex of pound shaving, resources for losing weight fast, easy, safely.. Glen B. Stewart's top article generates over 22200 views. to your Favourites.
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