Johnny has had some good writing instruction. He can recite the steps of The Writing Process from the posters he has seen in every classroom throughout his elementary school years. He knows all about Writers Workshop. He would know what to expect if the teacher had written ?Writers Conferences? or ?Response Groups? on the white board as parts of her daily lesson plans. Johnny's writing portfolio is chalk full of fanciful stories and writing pieces in the sensory/descriptive or imaginative/narrative writing domains. He has been encouraged to unleash his creative mind?although that story that he wrote last year about the student boycott of the cafeteria may have been a bit too creative for the principal's tastes.

However, if you give Johnny a writing prompt, asking him to ?Compare and contrast the cultural roles of women in Athens and Sparta,? sixth grade writing paralysis would surely set in. Or worse yet, Johnny might begin his essay with ?Once upon a time in a far-away land called Greece, two young women from Athens and Sparta?? His difficulties would, no doubt, increase if this were a timed assessment.

Unfortunately, most of the writing that Johnny will need to complete throughout his academic and work careers will not take advantage of his story-writing experience. Instead, most of what Johnny will be required to compose will be some form of writing that informs or convinces his reader. Additionally, most of his writing will be subject to some kind of time constraint. Johnny has just not had the instruction and practice in this kind of writing. His college professors probably will not hand him a ?blue book,? tell him to write a story of his own choice, and then turn it in after multiple revisions when his final draft has been published and properly illustrated.

Students need to learn how to write structured essays designed to inform and convince their teachers and professors. But how do you transform a creative, non-linear thinker like Johnny into an organized and persuasive writer? Take the mystery out of essays by replacing the confusing terminology of thesis statements, topic sentences, concrete details, and commentary with simple numerical values that reflect the hierarchy of effective essay structure.

For example, assign a ?1? to introductory strategies, a ?2? to the thesis statement, a ?3? to the topic sentence, a ?4? to the concrete detail, a ?5? to the commentary, and a ?6? to the conclusion strategies. Telling a student that a ?5? is needed to support a ?4,? which supports a ?3? is much more intuitive?and students get it!

Teach structural variety by having students write 3-4-5-4-5 paragraphs and revise with 3-4-5-5-4-5-5 paragraphs. Have students analyze text structure by numerically coding their science book or a newspaper editorial. Use this approach to develop sequenced writing skills, incorporating different grammatical structures and sentence structure. Teaching Essay Strategies ?2002 Pennington Publishing provides a systematic program of essay skills instruction.